Riparian Literature Data Base Listing

Riparian buffers are vegetated areas along water bodies that serve an array of functions, ranging from water quality protection, soil erosion control, to species preservation. The establishment and maintenance of riparian buffers have been an important environmental management practice in the United States since the 1970’s. Emerging along with this practice is a body of knowledge about riparian buffers. There are over 500 samples of Riparian Buffer Studies in this database. The following is a complete listing. (From The Characteristics of Riparian Buffer Studies in the JEI, Authors K.S. Shearer and W.N. Xiang, 2007)

List of Citations

Abell, R. et al. (1998): A conservation assessment of the freshwater ecoregions of North America. Final Report Submitted to the U. S. EPA, April 1998. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, D. C.

Adams, P., et al. (1986). Estimating streamflows on small forested watersheds for culvert and bridge design in Oregon. Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis. Research Bulletin 55.8.

Addy, K., et al. (1999). Ground water nitrate removal in subsoil of forested and mowed riparian buffer zones. Journal of Environmental Quality. 228(3), 962-970.

Amacher, G.S. and Malik, A.S. (1998). Instrument choice when regulators and firms bargain. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. 35, 225-241.

Amacher, G.S. and Malik, A.S.(1996). Bargaining in environmental regulation and the ideal regulator. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. 30, 233-253.

Ambus, P. and Lowrance, R. (1991). Comparison of denitrification in two riparian soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 55(4), 994-997.

Andersen, D. and Cooper, D. (2000). Plant-Herbivore-Hydroperiod Interactions: Effects of Native Mammals on Floodplain Tree Recruitment. Ecological Applications. 10(5), 1384-1399.

Aprioku, I. (2005). Collective response to oil spill hazards in the Eastern Niger Delta of Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 42(3), 389.

Auble, G., et al. (1994). Relating riparian vegetation to present and future streamflows. Ecological Applications. 4(3), 544-554.

Axt, J. and Walbridge, M. (1999). Phosphate Removal Capacity of Palustrine Forested Wetlands and Adjacent Uplands in Virginia. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.63, 1019-1031.

Babcock, B.A. (1992). Effects of uncertainty on optimal nitrogen applications. Rev. Agr. Econ. 14, 271-280.

Baillie, B., et al. (1999). Harvesting effects on woody debris and bank disturbance in stream channels. New Zealand Journal Of Forestry Science. 29(1), 85-101.

Baker, M., et al. (2001). GIS-based hydrologic modeling of riparian areas: Implications for stream water quality. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 37(6), 1615-1628.

Baker,T., et al. (2001). Leaf Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Dynamics in Four Southern Forested Floodplain Communities. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 65, 1334-1347.

Barbarika, A. (2001). The conservation reserve program statistics. Farm Service Agency, U.S. Department of Agriculture. November.

Barfield, B., et al. (1998). Water quality impacts of natural filter strips in karst areas. Transactions Of The ASAE. 41(2), 371-381.

Barnard, C.; et. al. (1997). Evidence of capitalization of direct government payments into U.S. cropland values. Amer. J. Agr. Econ. 79(5),1642-1650.

Barry, D. and Oelschlaeger, M. (1996): A science for survival: values and conservation biology. Conservation Biology. 10( 5). 905–911.

Beach, E. and Halpern, C. (2001). Controls on conifer regeneration in managed riparian forests: effects of seed source, substrate, and vegetation. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. (31(3). 471.

Bell, S.; et. al. (1997): Linking restoration and landscape ecology. Restoration Ecology. 5(4).318–323.

Bella, D.A. (1997). Organizational systems and the burden of proof. In: Pacific Salmon and their Ecosystems (D.J. Strouder, P.A. Bisson, R.J. Naiman, eds.). Chapman and Hall, New York. 617-638.

Belt, G.; et. al. (1992). Design of forest riparian buffer strips for the protection of water quality: Analysis of scientific literature. Idaho Forest, Wildlife and Range Policy Analysis Group, Report No. 8.

Berg, D. (1995). Riparian Silvicultural System Design and Assessment in the Pacific Northwest Cascade Mountains, USA. Ecological Applications. 5(1), 87-96.

Berntsen, C. and Rothacher, J. (1959). A guide to the H.J. Andrews experimental forest. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 21.

Beschta, R. et.al. (2004). Postfire Management on Forested Public Lands of the Western United States. Conservation Biology. 18(4), 957-967.

Bess, M. (2000). Greening the mainstream: paradoxes of antistatism and anticonsumerism in the French environmental movement. Environmental History. 5(1).6–26.

Bilby, R. (1984). Removal of woody debris may affect stream channel stability. Journal of Forestry. 609-613.

Bishop, S. and Chapi, F. (1989). Patterns of natural revegetation on abandoned gravel pads in actic Alaska. Journal of Applied Ecology. 26(3). 1073-1081.

Bisson, P. and Sedell J (1984). Salmonid populations in streams in clearcut vs. old-growth forests of western Washington. Presented in Timber Management/Fish Management Productivity, Session Led by D.W. Narver. 121-129.

Bisson, P. et al. (1987). Large woody debris in forested streams in the Pacific Northwest: past, present, and future. in E. O. a. T. W. C. Salo, Eds, editor. Streamside Management: Forestry and Fisheries Interactions. UW Forestry Publication No. 59, Seatt

Blackwell, M., et al. (1999). Use of conventionally and alternatively located buffer zones for the removal of nitrate from diffuse agricultural run-off. Water Science and Technology. 39(12), 157-164.

Blanco-Canqui,H. et al. (2004). Grass Barriers for Reduced Concentrated Flow Induced Soil and Nutrient Loss. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68, 1963-1972.

Blazejewski,G. et al. (2005). Macro- and Micromorphology of Subsurface Carbon in Riparian Zone Soils Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69,1320-1329.

Booth, D., et al. (2002) Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 38(3), 835-845.

Booth, D., et al. (2002). Forest cover, impervious-surface area, and the mitigation of stormwater impacts. Journal Of The American Water Resources Association, 38(3), 835-845.

Boothroyd, I., et al. (2004). Riparian buffers mitigate effects of pine plantation logging on New Zealand streams: riparain vegetation structure, stream geomorphology and periphyton. Forest Ecology And Management. 194(1), 199-213.

Bosch, D, et al. (1994). Subsurface flow patterns in a riparian buffer system. Transactions Of The ASAE. 37(6), 1783-1790.

Bouldin, J., et al. (2004). Vegetative and structural characteristics of agricultural drainages in the Mississippi delta landscapes. Environmental Pollution. 132(3), 403-411.

Boulet, M.; et.al. (2003). Nest predation and breeding activity of songbirds in riparian and nonriparian black spruce strips of central Quebec. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 33(5). 922.

Bradley, M. and Stolt,M. (2003). Subaqueous Soil-Landscape Relationships in a Rhode Island Estuary. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67, 1487-1495.

Bradshaw, A. (1983): The reconstruction of ecosystems. Journal of Applied Ecology 20.1-17.

Bragan, R., et. al. (1997). Shallow groundwater denitrification rate measurement by acetylene block. Journal of Environmental Quality. 26(6). 1531-1537.

Braudrick, C. and Grant, G. (2000). When do logs move in rivers? Water Resources Research. 36(2), 571-583.

Braudrick, C. and Grant, G. (2001). Transport and deposition of large woody debris in streams: A flume experiment. Geomorphology. 41, 263-283.

Bricker, S., Clement,C., Pirhalla,D., Orlando,S. and Farrow, D. (1999). National estuarine eutrophication assessment: effects of nutrient enrichment in the nation’s estuaries. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Speci

Bridgham,D., et al. (2001). Phosphorus Sorption Dynamics in Soils and Coupling with Surface and Pore Water in Riverine Wetlands. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 65, 577-588.

Brinson, M. and Rheinhardt, M. (1996). The Role of Reference Wetlands in Functional Assessment and Mitigation. Ecological Applications. 6(1), 69-76.

Brosofske, K., et al. (1997). Harvesting effects on microclimatic gradients from small streams to uplands in western washington. Ecological Applications. 7(4), 1188-1200.

Brown, E., et al. (1997). Criteria for establishing variable-width stream buffers in the Rocky Mountains. Proceedings, Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR, v B pt 1. Environmental and Coastal Hydraulics: Protecting the

Brown, E., et al. (1997). Criteria for variable-width mountain stream buffers. Proceedings of the Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference, Aesthetics in the Constructed Environment. 174-179.

Brown,A. and Richardson, C. (1998). A comprehensive noise management strategy for an urbanized river catchment. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 41(3),299-312.

Bruland, G. and Richardson, C. (2005). Spatial Variability of Soil Properties in Created, Restored, and Paired Natural Wetlands. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69, 273-284.

Bryce, J.; et.al. (2002). Can niche use in red and grey squirrels offer clues for their apparent coexistence? Journal of Applied Ecology. 39(6). 875-887.

Burdt,A. et al. (2005). Season Length Indicators and Land-Use Effects in Southeast Virginia Wet Flats. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69, 1551-1558.

Burt, T., et al.(2002). Water table fluctuations within the floodplain of the River Severn, England. Journal of Hydrology. 262(1-4), 1-20.

Burton, A and Olsen, P (2000). Management of exotic pine plantations in northeast Queensland for goshawks. Australian Forestry. 63(3). 174-180.

Busch, D., et al. (1992). Water Uptake in Woody Riparian Phreatophytes of the Southwestern United States: A Stable Isotope Study. Ecological Applications. 2(4), 450-459.

Cairns, J. and Heckman, J. (1996): Restoration ecology: the state of an emerging field. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment. 21, 167-189.

Callahan, J., et al. (1998). Bulletin of the ecological society of America. ESA. 79(4), 241-246.

Campbell, A. and Sidle, R. (1984). Prediction of peak flows on small watersheds in Oregon for use in culvert design. Water Resources Bulletin. 20(1), 9-14.

Canning, P. (1994). Conservation compliance and sodbuster. Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators, Agriultural Handbook-705, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, December.

Capel, S. (1992). Warm season grasses for Virginia and North Carolina - benefits for livestock and wildlife. Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. 10.

Carey, A. and Johnson, M. (1995). Small Mammals in Managed, Naturally Young, and Old-Growth Forests. Ecological Applications. 5(2), 336-352.

Carpenter, S., et al. (1998). Nonpoint Pollution of Surface Waters with Phosphorus and Nitrogen. Ecological Applications. 8(3), 559-568.

Carver, A., et al.(2004). A GIS methodology for generating riparian tree planting recommendations. Northern Journal Of Applied Forestry. 21(2), 100-106.

Castelle, A., et al. (1999). Wetland and stream buffer size requirements. NCASAI. I-781, 76.

Castelle, A.; et. al. (1994). Wetland and stream buffer size requirements—A Review. Journal of Environmental Quality 23:878-882. Chesapeake Bay Program. 1996. Forest and Riparian Buffer

Conservation: Local Case Studies from the Chesapeake Bay Program. USD

Caubel, V., et al. (2003). Influence of a hedge surrounding bottomland on seasonal soil-water movement. Hydrological Processes. 17(9), 1811-182.

Cavalcanti, G. and Lockaby, B. (2005). Effects of Sediment Deposition on Fine Root Dynamics in Riparian Forests Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69, 729-737.

Cerucci, M. and Conrad, J. (2003). The use of binary optimization and hydrologic models to form riparian buffers. Journal Of The American Water Resources Association. 39(5), 1167-1180.

Cheng,W., et al. (1998). Soil nitrogen, microbial biomass, and respiration along an arctic toposequence. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 62, 654-662.

Choi, J.-Y. (2001). Establishement and management of riparian buffer zones in Han River basin, Korea. Progress In Water Resources. 109-115.

Christensen, D., et al. (1996). Impacts of Lakeshore Residential Development on Coarse Woody Debris in North Temperate Lakes. Ecological Applications. 6(4), 1143-1149.

Christie, W., et al. (1996). The report of the ecological society of America committee on the scientific basis for ecosystem management. Ecological Applications. 6(3). 665–691.

Cissel, J., et al. (1994). Using the past to plan the future in the Pacific Northwest. Ecosystem Management in Practice. 92(8), 30-31, 46.

Cissel, J., et al. (1999). Ecology and Conservation of a Rare, Old-Growth-Associated Canopy Lichen in a Silvicultural Landscape . Department of Botony & Plant Pathology, OSU, Oregon.

Cissel,J., et al. (1999). Landscape Management Using Historical Fire Regimes: Blue River, Oregon . Ecological Applications. 9(4), 1217-1231.

Claassen, R., Hansen L., Peters,M., Breneman,V., Weinberg,M., et al.( 2001). Agri-Environmental policy at acCrossroads: guideposts on a changing landscape. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic

Claassen, R.; et. al. (2000). Compliance provisions for soil and wetland conservation. Agricultural Resource and Environmental Indicators. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/arei.(Accessed Marc

Clausen, J., et al.(1993). Movement of nitrogen through an agricultural riparian zone: field studies. Water Science And Technology. 28(3-5), 605-612.

Clausen, J., et al.(2000) Water quality changes from riparian buffer restoration in Connecticut. Journal Of Environmental Quality. 29(6), 1751-1761.

Clément, J-C.; et.al. (2003). Isotopic investigation of denitrification in a riparian ecosystem in western France. Journal of Applied Ecology. 40(6). 1035-1048.

Clevenger, A. (2002). GIS-Generated, Expert-Based Models for Identifying Wildlife Habitat Linkages and Planning Mitigation Passages. Conservation Biology. 16(2).503-514.

Coats, R. and Carlson, M. (2001). Managing watersheds in the new century. Proceedings of the Eighth Biennial Watershed Management Council Conference. 201.

Cole, D. and Landres, P. (1996). Threats to Wilderness Ecosystems: Impacts and Research Needs. Ecological Applications. 6(1), 168-184

Cole, M.; et.al. (2003). Relation of headwater macroinvertebrate communities to in-stream and adjacent stand characteristics in managed second-growth forests of the Oregon Coast Range mountains. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 33(8). 1433-1443.

Collingham, Y.; et.al. (2000). Predicting the spatial distribution of non-indigenous riparian weeds: issues of spatial scale and extent. Journal of Applied Ecology. 37(s1). 13-27.

Collins, R. and Rutherford, K. (2004). Modelling bacterial water quality in streams draining pastoral land. Water Research. 38(3), 700-712.

Comerford, N. et. al. (1992). The effectiveness of buffer strips for ameliorating offsite transport from silvicultural operations. National Council of the Paper Industry Technical Bulletin No. 631, New York, NY. 48.

Congalton, R., et al. (2003/2002). Evaluating remotely sensed techniques for mapping riparian vegetation. Computers And Electronics In Agriculture. 37(1-3), 113-126.

Constantz, J., et al. (2003). Temperature-Profile Methods for Estimating Percolation Rates in Arid Environments. Vadose Zone J. 2, 12-24.

Cook, K. (1982). SoillLoss: a question of values. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 37. 89-92.

Cooper, C. (1993). Biological effects of agriculturally derived surface water pollutants on aquatic systems. Journal Of Environmental Quality. 22(3), 402-408.

Cooper, J. , et al. (1987) Riparian areas as filters for agricultural sediment. Soil Science Society Of America Journal. 51(2), 416-420.

Correll, D. (2005). Principles of planning and establishment of buffer zones. Ecological Engineering. 24, 433-439.

Costanza, R. and Daly, H. (1992). Natural capital and sustainable development. Conservation Biology .6(1). 37-45.

Coyne, M.; et. al. (1995). Soil and fecal coliform trapping by grass filter strips during simulated rain. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 50(4). 405-408.

Crabtree, C and Seaman, T. (2005). Suction Lysimeter Modifications to Improve Sampling Efficiency and Prevent Wildlife Damage. Vadose Zone J. 5, 77-79.

Craft, C. and Chiang,C. (2002). Forms and Amounts of Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Across a Longleaf Pine Depressional Wetland Landscape. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 66, 1713-1721.

Cresser, M.; et.al. (2000). Modelling water chemistry for a major Scottish river from catchment attributes. Journal of Applied Ecology. 37(s1)171-184.

Curry, R., et al. (2002).The thermal regimes of brook trout incubation habitats and evidence of changes during forestry operations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 32(7), 1200-1207.

Cutter, B., et al. (1999). State policies for agroforestry in the United States. Agroforestry Systems. 46(3), 217 - 227.

Daberkow, S.,Taylor,H. and Huang, W.(2000). Nutrient use and nutrient management. Agricultural Resource and Environmental Indicators. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/arei. (Accessed March 200

Dahl, T. E. (1990). Wetland losses in the United States, 1780’s to 1980’s. Washington, D.C: Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Dahl, T.E., and Johnson, C.E. (1991). Status and trends of wetlands in the conterminous United States, mid-1970’s to mid-1980’s. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, DC.

Dai, Q., Fletcher, J.J. and Lee,J.G. (1993). Incorporating stochastic variables in crop response models: implications for fertilization decisions. Amer. J. Agr. Econ. 75(5),377-386.

Dale, V.,et al. (2000). Ecological Principles and Guidelines for Managing the Use of Land. Ecological Applications. 10(3), 639-670.

Darveau, M., et al. (1998). Riparian forest strips as habitat for snowshoe hare in a boreal balsam fir forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 28(10), 1494-1500.

Darveau,M., et al. (1997). Forestry Practices and the Risk of Bird Nest Predation in a Boreal Coniferous Forest. Ecological Applications.7(2), 572-580.

Davidsson, T. and Ståhl, M. (2000). The Influence of Organic Carbon on Nitrogen Transformations in Five Wetland Soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64, 1129-1136.

Davis, P. and Hitchings, B. (2000). Protecting stored water with riparian buffers. Public Works. 131( 3), 30.

De Boer, D., et al. (2000). Fractal dimensions of individual flocs and floc populations in streams. Hydrological Processes. 14(4), 653-667.

De Boer, D.and Stone, M. (1999). Fractal dimensions of suspended solids in streams: Comparison of sampling and analysis techniques. Hydrological Processes. 13(2), 239-254.

Debinski, D. and Brussard, P. (1994). Using Biodiversity Data to Assess Species-Habitat Relationships in Glacier National Park, Montana. Ecological Applications. 4(4), 833-843.

Decampls, H. (1993). River margins and environmental change. Ecological Applications. 3(3), 441-445.

Denevan, W. (1992): The pristine myth: the landscape of the Americas in 1492. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82, 369-385.

Denny, P. (2001). Research, capacity-building and empowerment for sustainable management of African wetland ecosystems. Hydrobiologia. 458, 21-31.

Deutschman, M. and Leach, M. (1998) Water quality of the clearwater river - effect of nonpoint sources and a strategy for improvement. ASCE Wetlands Engineering River Restoration Conference Proceedings. 6.

Dignan, P. and Bren, L. (2003). Modelling light penetration edge effects for stream buffer design in mountain ash forest in southeastern Australia. Forest Ecology and Management. 179(1-3), 95-106.

Dignan, P. and Bren, L. (2003). A study of the effect of logging on the understory light environment in riparian buffer strips in a southeast Australian forest. Forest Ecology And Management. 172(2-3), 161-172.

Djodjic, F., et al. (2002). A decision support system for phosphorus management at a watershed scale. Journal of Environmental Quality. 31(3), 937-945.

Djodjic, F., et. al. (2000). Decision support system for BMP selection and evaluation in a small Swedish agricultural watershed. 2000 ASAE Annual Intenational Meeting, Technical Papers: Engineering Solutions for a New Century. (2).

Dobkin, D., et.al. (1998). Habitat and Avifaunal Recovery from Livestock Grazing in a Riparian Meadow System of the Northwestern Great Basin. Conservation Biology. 12(1). 209-221.

Dosskey, M.( 2001). Toward quantifying water pollution abatement in response to installing buffers on cropland. Environmental Management. 28(5), 577-598.

Ducros, C. and Watson, N. (2002). Integrated land and water management in the United Kingdom: narrowing the implementation gap. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 45(3). 403-423.

Duffy, P.A., Taylor,C.R., Cain, D. and Young, G.J. (1994). The economic value of farm program base. Land Economics. 70, 318-329.

Dukes, M., et al. (2002). Effect of riaprian buffer width and vegetation type on shallow groundwater quality in the middle coastal plain of North Carolina. 45(2) 327-336.

Dupoldt, C. Jr., (1997). Localized storm water management: beyond the borders. Pollution Engineering. 29(3), 58-59.

Ensign, S. and Mallin, M. (2001). Stream water quality changes following timber harvest in a coastal plain swamp forest. Water Research. 35(14). 3381-3390.

EPA. Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment Goal Statement (MAIA). http://www.epa.gov/maia/ (accessed Sept 22, 2005).

Estades, C. and Temple, S. (1999). Deciduous-Forest Bird Communities in a Fragmented Landscape Dominated by Exotic Pine Plantations. Ecological Applications. 9(2), 573-585.

Everett, R.et al. (2003). Continuity in fire disturbance between riparian and adjacent sideslope Douglas-fir forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 175(1-3), 31-47.

Feather, P., Hellerstein,D. and Hansen, L. (1999). Economic valuation of environmental benefits and the targeting of conservation programs: the case of the crp. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agricultural Economic Report 4(77

Feinerman, E.,Choi, E.K. and Johnson, S.R. (1990). Uncertainty and split nitrogen application in corn production. Amer. J. Agr. Econ. 72.

Fenn, M., et al. (1998). Nitrogen Excess in North American Ecosystems: Predisposing Factors, Ecosystem Responses, and Management Strategies. Ecological Applications. 8(3), 706-733.

Fernando,W., et al. (2005). Sorption and Desorption of Ammonium from Liquid Swine Waste in Soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69, 1057-1065.

Ferré, T., et al. (2003). Monitoring the Maximum Depth of Drainage in Response to Pumping Using Borehole Ground Penetrating Radar. Vadose Zone J. 2, 511-518.

Ferreras, P. and Macdonald, D. (1999). The impact of American mink Mustela vison on water birds in the upper Thames. Journal of Applied Ecology. 36(5). 701-708.

Ferron, J. (2001). Short-term use of different risidual forest structures by three sciurid species in a clear-cut boreal landscape. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 31(10). 1805.

Fitzpatrick, F., et al. (2001). Effects of multi-scale environmental characteristics on agricultural stream biota in eastern Wisconsin. Journal of The American Water Resources Association. 37(6), 1489-1507.

Fleishman, E., et al. (2000). A New Method for Selection of Umbrella Species for Conservation Planning. Ecological Applications. 10(2), 569-579.

Forsey, E. and Baggs, E. (2001). Winter activity of mammals in riparian zones and adjacent forests prior to and following clear-cutting at copper lake, newfoundland, canada. Forest Ecology and Management. 145(3), 163-171

Franklin, J. and DeBell, D. (1988). Thirty-six years of tree population change in an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest. Can. J. For. Res. 18, 633-639.

Franklin, J. and Spies, T. (1991). Composition, function, and structure of old-growth Douglas-fir forests. In: Aubry, K.B., Brookes, M.H., et al., eds. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-285. U.S. Department

Frayer, W.; et. al. (1983). Status and trends of wetlands in the conterminous United States, 1950’s to 1970’s. Department of Forest and Wood Sciences, Colorado State University. Fort Collins, CO.

Frederick, R., et al. (2001) EPA's Watershed Approach to Controlling Urban Nonpoint Source Pollution. Proceedings of the 2001 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference. 931-937.

Fredriksen, R. (1970). Erosion and sedimentation following road construction and timber harvest on unstable soils in three small western Oregon watersheds. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Research Paper PNW-104. Portland, OR: U.S. Department

Fredriksen, R. (1972). Nutrient budget of a Douglas-fir forest on an experimental watershed in western Oregon. In: Proceedings - Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosystems — A symposium. Bellingham, Washington. 115-131.

Fuchs, S.; et.al. (2003). Effects of streamside logging on stream macroinvertebrate communities and habitat in the sub-boreal forests of British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 33(8)1408-1415).

Fullen, M. (2003). Soil erosion and conservation in northern Europe. Progress in Physical Geography. 27(3).309-1333.

Furman, A., et al. (2002). Electrical Potential Distributions in a Heterogeneous Subsurface in Response to Applied Current: Solution for Circular Inclusions. Vadose Zone J. 1, 273-280.

Furman, A., et al. (2003). A Sensitivity Analysis of Electrical Resistivity Tomography Array Types Using Analytical Element Modeling. Vadose Zone J. 2, 416-423.

Furman, A., et al. (2004). Optimization of ERT Surveys for Monitoring Transient Hydrological Events Using Perturbation Sensitivity and Genetic Algorithms. Vadose Zone J. 3, 1230-1239.

Gburek, W.; et.al.. (2000). Phosphorus management at the watershed scale: a modification of the phosphorus index. Journal of Environmental Quality. 29. 130-144.
Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission. (1994). Guidelines for streambank restoration. Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission.

Gergel, S., et al. (1999). Dissolved Organic Carbon as an Indicator of the Scale of Watershed Influence on Lakes and Rivers. Ecological Applications. 9(4), 1377-1390.

Germaine, S., et al. (1998). Relationships among Breeding Birds, Habitat, and Residential Development in Greater Tucson, Arizona. Ecological Applications. 8(3), 680-691.

Gessler,P., et al. (2000). Modeling Soil Landscape and Ecosystem Properties Using Terrain Attributes. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64, 2046-2056.

Giesler,R., et al. (2005). Phosphate Sorption in Aluminum- and Iron-Rich Humus Soils Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69, 77-86.

Gilliam, J. (1994). Riparian wetlands and water quality. Journal Of Environmental Quality. 23(5), 896-900.

Gilliam,F., et al. (2005). Soil Variability along a Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrification Gradient in a Nitrogen-Saturated Hardwood Forest. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69, 247-256.

Gish,T., et al. (2002). Evaluating Use of Ground-Penetrating Radar for Identifying Subsurface Flow Pathways. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 66, 1620-1629.

Gleason, C. (1953). Indicators of erosion on watershed land in California. Transactions, American Geophysical Union. 34(3),419-425.

Goetz,S., et al. (2003). IKONOS imagery for resource management: Tree cover, impervious surfaces, and riparian buffer analyses in the mid-Atlantic region. Remote Sensing of Environment. 88(1/2), 195-208.

Gollehon, N., et. al. . (2001). Confined animal production and manure nutrients. U.S. department of agriculture, economic research service, Agricultural Information Bulletin. 771.

Goodwin, B.; et.al. (2003). Explaining regional differences in the capitalization of policy benefits into agricultural land values in government policy and farmland markets: the maintenance of farmer wealth. Iowa State Press, Ames, IA, pp. 97-114.

Goolsby, D.; et. al. (1999). Flux and sources of nutrients in the mississippi-atchafaya river basin. Topic Three report Submitted to the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, Committee on Environment and Natural Resources, Hypoxia Working G

Gould, W. (2000). Remote Sensing of Vegetation, Plant Species Richness, and Regional Biodiversity Hotspots. Ecological Applications. 10(6), 1861-1870.

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